Dianne0516: I have a basic one that many teachers have disagreed on.  Want to know your opinion
grizz: fire away
Dianne0516: I bidding goes 1 !c, p, 1 !s (how many spades are you promising)?
grizz: 4+
Dianne0516: How about 1 !c, 1 !d, 1 !s?
sofine: how many points?
Dianne0516: how many spades?
grizz: 5+ hcp
grizz: tricky question
Dianne0516: I suppose it is just a matter of bidding style
Dianne0516: or ptnrship agreement
grizz: if you play neg X, then 1!c-1!d-1!s shows either 5+ or 4+ without 4!hs
grizz: but again, only guaranteeing 4
Dianne0516: thanks
grizz: so 1!c-1!H-X shows 4!ss
Dianne0516: :)
grizz: but 1!c-1!h-1!s shows 5
Dianne0516: I was confused about the 1 !c, 1 !d, 1 !s bid

grizz: Hi everybody, thanks for attending another of a series of lessons on Defense.  
grizz: Chat logs and hand records are stored in your computer for later review.  For information on how to retrieve them, go the BIL homepage or email me.
grizz: I teach private individual, pair, and small group lessons.  If you would like to know more please email me at Grizz@GrizzBridge.com.
grizz: Archives of previous sessions are available at GrizzBridge.com, on the Lessons and Archives page at: http://www.grizzbridge.com/Lessons_and_Archives.php.
grizz: There will be lots of questions.  I want to address them all, but in a manner helpful to all, so please ask them in open chat.  
grizz: As always i encourage participation by all kibs
grizz: So jump right in with a comment, question, or bid at any time, but please do it in open chat...
grizz: ...since I can't always respond to private chat.
grizz: All of you have been taught that when declaring a hand you should stop and plan the play before touching any cards at Trick 1. 
grizz: That is excellent advice, and I urge all of you to follow it.
grizz: The same advice also applies to the defenders and even more so than for declarer.
grizz: Because declarer can see his hand and dummy, all of his combined partnership assets.  
grizz: But defenders do not enjoy that advantage.
grizz: Opening leader in particular is at a tremendous disadvantage, having to play before seeing dummy.
grizz: And then for the balance of the hand the defenders can see their hand and dummy, but must make inferences from the bidding, play and defensive signals.
grizz: There are only 5 basic types of defensive strategy at the beginning of a hand.
grizz: By the way, these concepts are out of the book "How The Experts Win At Bridge" by Burt Hall and Lynn Rose-Hall.
robzim: they should change the rules -- Zimmerman's dummy display -- before the 1st card is led 
grizz: rofl!
grizz: By way of review, and for those who are new here, the 5 lines of defense are:
grizz: 1.  Force declarer to ruff, and lose control of his own trump suit.
grizz: 2.  Active defense.
grizz: 3.  Passive defense.
grizz: 4.  Reduce ruffing power.
grizz: 5.  Create trump tricks.
grizz: Commit those 5 phrases to memory, because you will use them for the rest of your bridge life.
grizz: We have looked at Forcing, Active and Passive defense, Reduce ruffing power and Create Trump Tricks for 6 weeks, and started quiz hands last week.
grizz: Let us review the conditions for those strategies briefly, and then get into more quiz hands.
grizz: 1.  Force declarer to ruff, and lose control of his own trump suit.
grizz: There are 4 conditions in which the Forcing Defense can work.  They are:
grizz: a.  Declarer has a 2-suiter.
grizz: b.  Any time you have 4 trumps, or think partner might.
grizz: c.  Declarer is in a 4-3 or 5-2 trump fit.
grizz: d.  Any time the long trump hand can be forced to ruff early in the play of the hand.
grizz: 2.  Active defense.
grizz: Here are the general conditions that point the way to Active Defense:
grizz: a.  Any time tricks can go away, such as on a long side suit in either op hand.
grizz: b.  Declarer's side suit is breaking favorably.
grizz: c.  Ops have bid strongly, showing slam interest.
grizz: d.  One op has a long running suit, such as a Gambling 3NT bid showing a running 7+ card suit.
grizz: 3.  Passive defense.
grizz: a.  Ops have not bid a strong side suit.
grizz: b.  Declarer is strong, and dummy is weak.
grizz: c.  There is a misfit in key suits.
grizz: d.  Opening leader has no suit to lead against NT.
grizz: e.  You are defending 6NT or any grand slam.
grizz: f.  Ops have stumbled into a game.
grizz: Notice that there are a LOT of situations that indicate Passive Defense is best!
grizz: 4.  Reducing Ruffs
grizz: 1.  Ops are playing in a partial or complete misfit.
grizz: 2.  The auction suggests shortness in dummy.
grizz: 3.  Defense is strong in all other suits.
grizz: 5.  Creating Trump Tricks:
grizz: 1.  Ruffing declarer's tricks:
grizz: a.  You are short in any unbid suit.
grizz: b.  You are long in ops' side suit, both bid and raised.
grizz: Then partner must be short in that suit.
grizz: c.  You have a weak hand, and no better line of defense.
grizz: 2.  Promoting trump tricks:
grizz: a.  Trump promotion
grizz: b.  Trump uppercut
grizz: Wow, that's a lot to remember!
grizz: For those of you who are new, we spent a session on each of these topics, and archives are on my website.
grizz: Are there any questions?
grizz: GrizzBridge.com is my website
grizz: and archives are on the Lessons and Archives page
grizz: Now let's get to the quiz hands.
grizz: Knowing what the rules are is one thing, but being able to apply them at the table is quite different.
grizz: You may kib all 4 hands to get a bird's eye view, or just West and dummy to get a more realistic view of the problem.
grizz: Sitting West, how would you defend this hand?
pzee: lead a !d
easybridge: lead kc
pzee: passive def
carol41: lead with a club - 5
tmortada: passive
Pear: Lead 9!C's
grizz: passive it is  :)
grizz: and you can see that any other lead will give up a trick
sofine: Why passive D?
grizz: declarer is strong, and dummy is not
sofine: tx
grizz: so declarer will have a hard time getting to the board to run any finesses
grizz: so avoid giving away any tricks
sofine: but you haven't seen dummy
grizz: right, but S has 15-17
easybridge: n passed
DougC43: dummy passed twice
grizz: N and E are passed hands, and N did not take action over 1NT
sofine: got it
grizz: what should E do now?   continue !ds?
easybridge: no
carol41: no, switch to clubs
grizz: :)
BebopKid: lead club
DougC43: or to hearts?
JoeKLane: lead !H back?
grizz: !h lead not as attractive as the !c
grizz: if the !c is right, the !dA is an entry to repeat the !c
grizz: now what should W do?
JoeKLane: !S
easybridge: s
carol41: lead spades
grizz: exit passively in either minor
grizz: part of not giving away tricks means not breaking new suits for declarer
carol41: ok
grizz: make declarer work for everything
JoeKLane: let declarer work ? 
grizz: right!
grizz: S has nothing better to do now than this:
grizz: or better yet, another !c
grizz: so this one makes 1NT, but should be a good score for the defense
grizz: since any other defense will give away at least 1 trick
grizz: and as we have seen before, that one trick might be huge
grizz: sometimes the difference between making and giving an overtrick is the difference between 65% and 27% in a matchpoint game
Pear->Club: what was your reason to lead a diamond please
grizz: because Passive Defense is indicated when declarer is strong, and dummy is weak.
grizz: avoid giving anything away
grizz: any !c gives away a trick
grizz: any !h gives away a trick
grizz: and any !s give away a trick
grizz: any questions on this one?
Dianne0516: If west was weak, would he also lead passive?
grizz: sure
sofine: so if dummy is weak in a nt game a passive defence is advisable?
grizz: a sequence of middle cards is a great passive lead
JoeKLane: so passive lead = lead from you weak suit?
grizz: yes, almost always
carol41: highest in the sequence?
grizz: yes, do not lead aggressively from honors
grizz: yes, top of sequence
grizz: and later in the hand, avoid breaking new suits if possible
JoeKLane: and let declarer, show his strength?
grizz: we know that declarer has the best hand at the table
grizz: and that usually means that he has tenaces
grizz: honor holdings with holes in them
sofine: real eye opener
grizz: like AJ, AT, AQ, KJ, KT, etc
kcgal: is this only in nt??
grizz: so a lead into that hand will often give up a trick
easybridge: when do you defend actively?
grizz: check on GrizzBridge.com for that lesson in the archives
grizz: Here are the general conditions that point the way to Active Defense:
grizz: a.  Any time tricks can go away, such as on a long side suit in either op hand.
grizz: b.  Declarer's side suit is breaking favorably.
grizz: c.  Ops have bid strongly, showing slam interest.
grizz: d.  One op has a long running suit, such as a Gambling 3NT bid showing a running 7+ card suit.
whiz: we will see in playing hands
grizz: the 2!d here is Flannery, showing 11-15 with 4!s and 5!h
carol41: how would your partner know that?
grizz: the pair must have this agreement in advance
grizz: i am not a big fan of Flannery, but some folks are
sofine: another eye opener
grizz: the rationale for Flannery is that you can't bid the shape correctly without reversing
grizz: which shows a bigger hand, 17+
kcgal: how do we not know if it is a preemptive bid
wyoming33: needs to be alerted
grizz: right
BebopKid: opponents have to alert if it is flannery and not preemptive
grizz: most folks play 2!d as preemptive, but a few use Flannery
grizz: another use for that bid is Mini-Roman, showing a 3-suiter with 11-15
grizz: we may play with Mini Roman sometime later
grizz: but for now, how should we defend against 3!h?
pzee: create trump tricks 
pzee: lead !cJ
tmortada: !D
grizz: this will seem counterintuitive, but here goes a trump
grizz: why?
grizz: W listened to the auction
grizz: and knows that N has 4-5-?-?
AofHearts: N is short in 2 suits
grizz: and S does not have a !s fit
grizz: W has 4!s, so S must want to ruff them in hand
grizz: and E should cooperate with W's plan, unless he has a clearly better one
grizz: now W must be alert
grizz: now declarer gets no !s ruffs
grizz: S can establish !ds, but has no entries
grizz: shall we see what happens on a !c lead?
pzee->Club: y
robzim: yes :)
tmortada: y
sofine: y
grizz: W should overtake, in case it is singleton
grizz: easy make, no drama
grizz: but it takes a lot of foresight to lead a trump from this holding
grizz: nevertheless, the clues were there from the auction
grizz: any questions on this one?
Dianne0516: How do you feel about the saying, "always lead ptnrs suit"
grizz: good advice, unless there is a better line available
Dianne0516: so not always :)
veredK: the 3C bid after 2H was it lead directing?
easybridge: and pt has not bid
grizz: vs. NT for instance, you should always lead p's suit unless you have both a good suit of your own and an outside entry, which is almost never.
grizz: the 3!c was to play, hoping to make part score or be a profitable sacrifice
veredK: ty
grizz: any time the ops want to play 2 grapes, we much prefer that they play 3  :)
sofine: will p think that you lead away from your king?
grizz: the 2 level is inside their comfort zone, and our job is to nudge them out of it
grizz: in this case E will have no idea that W is leading from a K
grizz: note one other possible Good Thing that could happen here:
grizz: declarer, knowing that he needs 2!s ruffs, sees a danger in trumps
grizz: and cannot visualize W leading from a K
grizz: convinced it is with E, he goes up and starts on !s
grizz: so while i do not advise leading from Ks in suit contracts, there is a time for it 
grizz: on a hand like this
grizz: but notice that you must have a good reason to do so
grizz: here your main goal is to prevent !s ruffs in the closed hand
grizz: which is more important than possibly scoring the !hK during the play
grizz: is everybody still with me?
pzee: y
LadyStar17: y
ladygolf: y
TapTap: y
guyb2: y
grizz: :)
basically: yes
veredK: only 50 of us
PedroG: y
freckles36: y
tmortada: y
grizz: you may have heard that it is wrong to preempt over a preempt
sofine: unusual nt
basically: unt
grizz: and that is largely true
grizz: but with spectacular shape like that 1-0-5-7 in the N, we have an exception
grizz: OK, you are West.  What do you lead?  And why?
whiz: trumps
pzee: !c3 -- opp are sacrificing reduce ruffs
grizz: :)
whiz: no
grizz: no?
whiz: ruok no dummy s
wyoming33: s might have the J
grizz: S now has a fistful of losers and no transportation
mick357: why e play k d
grizz: S might have a stiff
whiz: l thought n was dummy
grizz: on any other lead this is an easy make
whiz->Club: south lol
grizz: and unless S is very careful, might go down another
grizz: E has announced a powerful hand, so W is not concerned about the outside suits
grizz: so W must use some imagination and visualization, and figure out what declarer's problem is
grizz: cutting down on ruffing power is the recipe for success on this hand
grizz: That concludes today's lesson, and next week we will continue quiz hands on these different lines of defense at the table.
Dianne0516: Is it usually a good idea to lead trump on a michaels or unus nt bid, Grizz?
grizz: usually, yes
ladygolf: thanks Pete,
wyoming33: thank you :)
veredK: ty
Dianne0516: Thanks Pete
grizz: BTW, your satisfaction is guaranteed, or the next lesson is free!    :)
kcgal: ts pete
tmortada: thx pete
xfco: ty enjoyed
whiz: T :)
pzee->Club: thx pete :)
AofHearts->Club: Tx Pete :)
sofine: tu
PedroG: :)
PedroG: ty Pete
grizz:  If anybody needs help retrieving the hand records or chat log, please email me at Grizz@GrizzBridge.com.   
grizz: Thanks for your interest and participation, and I hope to see you next week.
boeh: thanks
onoway: thanks Pete :)
freckles36: tx
grizz: Thanks also to Maureen, Rosemary, Fred and the wonderful people at BBO who make this all possible.
cdt: Thanks Pete I look forward to your lesson every week:)
grizz: Thanks all for coming, i'll see you in a week
robzim: Thanks so much Pete -- as always -- a wonderful session !H
cdt: Thank You Rosemary :)
grizz: Bye now