grizz: Hi everybody, thanks for attending another of a series of lessons on Defense.  
grizz: Chat logs and hand records are stored in your computer for later review.  For information on how to retrieve them, go the BIL homepage or email me.
grizz: I teach private individual, pair, and small group lessons.  If you would like to know more please email me at Grizz@GrizzBridge.com.
grizz: And archives of old sessions are available at GrizzBridge.com, on the Lessons and Archives page located at:  http://www.grizzbridge.com/Lessons_and_Archives.php
grizz: There will be lots of questions.  I want to address them all, but in a manner helpful to all, so please ask them in open chat.  
grizz: If I forget a question while answering another, please remind me.
grizz: I encourage participation by all kibitzers
grizz: So jump right in with a comment, question, or bid at any time, but please do so in open chat...
grizz: All of you have been taught that when declaring a hand you should stop and plan the play before touching any cards at Trick 1. 
grizz: That is excellent advice, and I urge all of you to follow it.
grizz: this session is about defense, and i would like to stay on track  :)
grizz: The same advice also applies to the defenders and even more so than for declarer.
grizz: Because declarer can see his hand and dummy, all of his combined partnership assets.  
grizz: But defenders do not enjoy that advantage.
grizz: Opening leader in particular is at a tremendous disadvantage, having to play before seeing dummy.
grizz: And then for the balance of the hand the defenders can see their hand and dummy, but must make inferences from the bidding, play and defensive signals.
grizz: There are only 5 basic types of defensive strategy at the beginning of a hand.
grizz: By the way, these concepts are out of the book "How The Experts Win At Bridge" by Burt Hall and Lynn Rose-Hall.
grizz: By way of review, and for those who are new here, the 5 lines of defense are:
grizz: 1.  Force declarer to ruff, and lose control of his own trump suit.
grizz: 2.  Active defense.
grizz: 3.  Passive defense.
grizz: 4.  Reduce ruffing power.
grizz: 5.  Create trump tricks.
grizz: We have looked at Forcing, Active and Passive defense, Reduce ruffing power and Create Trump Tricks for several weeks, and now we are working on quiz hands.
grizz: For those of you who are new, we spent a session on each of these topics, and archives are on my website.
grizz: Are there any questions?
grizz: Now let's get to the quiz hands.
whiz: no ready for quiz
ydannac: website address?
Brenda123: c
grizz: http://www.grizzbridge.com/Lessons_and_Archives.php
grizz: 3!h here is Western Cue, expressing interest in 3NT and asking whether pard has a !h stopper
grizz: and 3!s is a sort of "waiting bid", to give pard the opportunity to play 3NT even without a stopper in the North
grizz: There is not much that E can contribute on this hand, but one thing is important
grizz: BTW, we assume standard signals for this session
grizz: so what should E play here and why?
dae: 8
dae: hi lo        come on
suuz: no cards showing
grizz: playing standard signals a hi-lo is encouraging, asking pard to continue
grizz: does E want a continuation here?
dae: no
grizz: no, he does have a doubleton but cannot overruff the !c9 in dummy
dae: give suit preference  signal when    singleton in dummy--but no pref?
grizz: so W is not sure what to do here
grizz: but pard said not to continue !h, so W should switch
grizz: and the ambiguous !s signal means nothing, but E's job here is done
txblbnt: why did you do that?
txblbnt: you have too many trump to finess?
txblbnt: 8 ever.. . 9 nevfer?
grizz: possible
grizz: though rules like that are made to be broken
txblbnt: yes. but....... lol
mrenaud: with 10 clubs why would you not play the ace and hope for the singleton K - ducking appears to achieve very little
wyoming33: being that west bid - maybe play for the drop - cause likely to have K
grizz: the point of the hand is that E should not signal a doubleton
grizz: because his inability to overruff dummy gives away the location of the K
txblbnt:  oh., well why didn't you tell us the  lesson was only about east?
grizz: the lessons move around
grizz: if E is unable to overruff the !c9, then S must play for the drop
whiz: lol anyway   you have to play ace l th8ink
grizz: true, S may choose to play for the drop anyway
txblbnt: hey you're the teacher. .that was really a bad mistake.. finessing .. admit it.!!!!
grizz: but at least the signal and switch gives S the opportunity to guess wrong
txblbnt: hey., get over it. .we have all passed east plays.. we all know that..
grizz: any questions on this one?
grizz: E can't see the honor in the W hand
grizz: but he can see that he can't overruff dummy
->txblbnt: behave yourself or leave
grizz: and the one useful card that he can play is the low !h
grizz: and that gives the defense a chance
txblbnt: i came  because i was told this was for intermediate and beginners.. you need to keep it at that level... plese!!!!
grizz: next hand
grizz: cue by North shows a good !s raise
isabable: it is normal with 10 cards to finess and 11 to play for the drop acording to the master class
grizz: what should east play here?
grizz: wait
rq4mulae: 3
isabable: 3d
grizz: i'm getting a lot of private messages about finessing the K on the last hand
Sekmeth: d3 sp
maysie: 10
grizz: the 8 ever 9 never does not apply in that situation
grizz: that rule applies when choosing whether to finesse the Q, after both ops followed to the first round of trump
grizz: so let's move on
rq4mulae: 3 ... J as good as A, so show preference?
wyoming33: true -and with Kxx out almost always finesse - after all east could have the K
sound3675: 6D
grizz: sure
txblbnt: why is this situation different.. and you have to let us ask you these questions with  out you getting   riled..
grizz: here E has the opportunity for another kind of signal
dae: 3 d asks  for lowest suit      when lead again
whiz: then play small frum dummy to get the 9useful we have all except the 8 and the k
grizz: E's Attitude about !ds is known, with the honors in dummy
grizz: so now E can give another signal
grizz: yes, the opportunity here is for a Suit Preference signal
grizz: and the 3 asks for a !c shift
Brenda123: why did North bid 3 H with only two small ones in his hand ?
grizz: sry, thought i explained that - the cuebid of 3!h was actually a good !s raise
grizz: saying nothing about !hs
grizz: now, having seen the signal at Trick 1, here comes the killing shift
Sekmeth: undo
alexiss: you sure would take another trump
grizz: big !c spot card denies interest in a !c return
grizz: and pard is expected to figure out that the !d was singleton
grizz: so good teamwork on defense, and down 2 for a good score
grizz: btw, the low !d was not actually a SP signal, but an Attitude signal toward his bid suit, !s
DougC43: would it have helped declarer to take the first spade with the !A and play a second one?
whiz: y
grizz: y, that would eliminate one ruff
grizz: and a savvy S might do that, suspecting that W had led a stiff !d
grizz: but back to the Attitude signal, W just has to work out that E has an entry in !cs
grizz: any questions on this one?
jpowell: do you have time to explain attitude signals used
grizz: this is an example of Creating Trump Tricks, by creating the opportunity for the !d ruff
grizz: let's talk about signals for just a minute, there are some newcomers today
Sekmeth: leav second trick to east
ydannac: ok
Sekmeth: then ruff 3 diamonds in west
grizz: these again are from the point of view of defense
grizz: on partner's lead, your first duty is to give Attitude
grizz: in most cases
grizz: if Attitude is known, then you can signal something else
grizz: the most important piece of information for opening leader to have is whether he should continue the suit or switch
grizz: and playing standard signals a high card encourages, while a little card discourages
grizz: when declarer leads a suit, that is your chance to give a Count signal
grizz: hi-lo in standard signals shows an even number, 2,4,6 etc
grizz: and lo-hi shows odd
grizz: the other type of signal is Suit Preference
PedroG: HELO
grizz: and whether you play standard signals or udca, SP is the same - high card asks for the high suit, low card asks for low suit
grizz: but notice that in standard signals one card can mean only one thing at a time - Attitude, Count or Suit Preference
grizz: on the SP signals, you don't consider the suit played or trumps, leaving only 2 others
jpowell: does that mean the suit higher than the one you played 
grizz: high card means higher suit, low card means lower suit
grizz: any other questions before we move on?
jpowell: one more please....when do you give a suit preference
DougC43: playing strong jump shifts 
grizz: this is an old-fashioned Strong Jump Shift, which you hardly ever see any more
grizz: a kib asks, when do you give suit preference?    that is only when attitude is already known
grizz: ok, watch the cards carefully for a few rounds, and then i will ask a question
grizz: ok, E is on the hotseat again
grizz: you guys can all see the W cards, but how would E know what to do now at the table?
JanaDe: high H
cdt: he got a signal to switch
grizz: on the first !d trick W played low, giving Count
alexiss: h9 is a signal for spade return
Flaskemand: Can not be asking for !H so must be SP
dee_dee_20: the 9!h signalled higher 
wyoming33: wouldnt know to lead !C or !S
grizz: on the second !d lead, pard already knew about count, so he gave Suit Preference
wyoming33: have to hope P signals something if possible
grizz: with the 8 from 87
grizz: since W cannot want a !h back, that big !d must ask for a !s
grizz: and on the 4th round of !ds W played the !h9
grizz: the SECOND !s signal;
grizz: so from the E seat, !s looks a lot more dangerous than !c
grizz: but must trust pard's signal
grizz: if a !c comes back, S pitches his losing !s on a !h and brings the contract home
grizz: so here is a partial answer to "when do you signal SP?"
grizz: in this case attitude and count was already known after the first round of !ds
grizz: so W was able to signal twice for a !s shift
grizz: nifty, eh?
wyoming33: !D was a little vague - but !H good :)
doldridg: Shouldn't S have seen this and attacked !S before setting up E's !DJ?
grizz: notice that W did not have convenient cards in either black suit for an attitude signal
grizz: both !s are small, and the stiff !c is big
grizz: so W was forced to signal in !hs
Flaskemand: Bad declarer play ?
grizz: giving away the !d?
Flaskemand: y
grizz: there are only 11 tricks off the top
doldridg: 3!D 4!H 4!C 1!S=12
cdt: colud u show all hands again please
whiz: 12 now
grizz: assuming that the !cs run
doldridg: He has to attack !S as soon as he knows the !D won't break.
grizz: no !s trick off the top, must be established
dee_dee_20: makes no dif
rq4mulae: and might be down by the time established
grizz: sure, declarer could play differently, but this lesson is about defense  :)
jpowell: how does S pitch a losing spade on a H
->jpowell: cross to dummy with the !h7, pitch !s on !hQ
dee_dee_20: W has 5!h
Flaskemand: :)
doldridg: Yes, but if !D don't break (and the signals are screaming that they don't) then losing to an offside !A is irrelevant.  Thing is, signals are info to declarer, too!
grizz: sure, good point
whiz: any return comes home
grizz: and savvy defenders will give bogus signals when they harm declarer but do not harm pard
whiz: if declarer plays well
grizz: true
dee_dee_20: speaking of "bogus   how ethical is it?
grizz: and we see here the opportunity to give SP in a different suit
grizz: there is no ethics problem unless defense has an unknown agreement
grizz: one pard is free to mislead another
wyoming33: intentionally or otherwise:)
grizz: and misleading declarer is always part of the game   :)
grizz: any other questions?
veredk: if W had higher Spades could he signal with spades?
dee_dee_20: I set a contract last night by doing just that  I led J from KJ    and my J lead usually denies
grizz: bravo!
dee_dee_20: but I felt a bit guilty:(
grizz: good players do things like that from time to time, so they don't get too predictable
grizz: lol
TapTap: is it ethical to open witg 6 pts?
camilleln: can you let us save that last hand?
grizz: oops, i need to save the last hand
veredk: q on this hand
grizz: ok, what was the Q?
veredk: if W had higher spades cards could he signal a switch by playing a higher s card?
grizz: sure
grizz: or if they play odd/even, he could play the !S3 
veredk: which signal is better?
grizz: since in that system odd encourages, even discourages and shows suit preference
alexiss->Club: the one your partner understands
grizz: good question - i like o/e and lavinthal, but don't play them with any of my regular partners
wyoming33: :) 
grizz: so i guess my answer is, "whatever pard likes"   :)
veredk: ty
PedroG: Pete should o/e be played on first discard or in all?
grizz: only on the first
PedroG: ty
grizz: then revert to whatever your system is, std or udca
DougC43: i favor o/e, but wonder whether there is any consensus among experts on whether one system of discarding is better than the others
grizz: among the highest levels of bridge, few signals are used
grizz: and defense is mostly intuitive
grizz: but they only got there by thoroughly understanding these signal conventions
rq4mulae: :)
DougC43: interesting :)
grizz: and learning when they can be disregarded
rq4mulae: so we should  continue to pay attention rather than rely on intuition ... for the time being?
grizz: quite right!
dee_dee_20: is that because they know who has what from bidding 
rq4mulae: lol
grizz: generally, yes
grizz: and at that level any signal to pard is also a signal to declarer
Miksa: and they count perfectly :)
grizz: who may then adjust his line of play to compensate
grizz: even perhaps choosing a lower-percentage line
rq4mulae: i have to get good enough as declarer to be able to bother with o's signals.
dae: can't  bid jacoby on this hand with 13 support points?
->dae: J2NT would be ok here
DougC43: so i suppose false signalling happens for that reason ... to get declarer to adjust away from a winning line  lol
grizz: the very delicate decision is when a bogus signal can hurt declarer without hurting pard
DougC43: yes :)
grizz: and there are NO general guidelines for that
grizz: ok, what do you lead as West here?
eubulides: 10s
grizz: ok, now what?
kyno40: t
whiz: k
Miksa: !hK, get the signal from P
DougC43: continue !H
grizz: very good!
whiz: for signal
dee_dee_20: unfortunatly I would take that as higher of the 2 suits
DougC43: declarer is dead
grizz: so assuming that S has 5!hs, E can only have 1
rq4mulae->Club: that'll teach him to take invite with minimum hand!
whiz: there a real good hand fo defence
grizz: and W has the luxury here of leading trumps again for a signal from pard
grizz: otherwise it's a guess
wyoming33: 10!S is your lead - not a trump
grizz: any questions on this one?
kyno40: N hand to good to go to 4 straiht away ?
grizz: y, probably - but a matter of style
grizz: usually 1M-4M is on a weak but shapely hand with a trump superfit
grizz: N is almost good enough for Jacoby 2NT
PedroG: without the two K perhaps a good hand for 1-4
grizz: and it takes perfect defense to beat it
grizz: if W starts a !s, the result is still the same when declarer leads trump
grizz: That concludes today's lesson, and next week we will continue quiz hands on these different lines of defense at the table.
grizz: BTW, your satisfaction is guaranteed, or the next lesson is free!    :)
dae: Thanks!
pzee: thanks, pete!
ladygolf: ty grizz, appreciate lessons
ydannac: Thanks Grizz!H!H
grizz:  If anybody needs help retrieving the hand records or chat log, please email me at Grizz@GrizzBridge.com.   
veredk: ty
PedroG: ty a lot Pete !h great lesson
rq4mulae: lol  tx, pete
dotfl: thanks Pete
niccolla: thx pete :)
grizz: Thanks for your interest and participation, and I hope to see you next week.
DougC43->Club: gjP
kyno40: Thank you Pete !
->niccolla: :)
doldridg: Thanks!
whiz: ty:)
Condi: tx 
jpowell: thank you very much
Flaskemand: thx
grizz: Thanks also to Maureen, Rosemary, Fred and the wonderful people at BBO who make this all possible.
cdt: Thanks pete for giving your time .  Much appreciated !H
cassie57: thanks - very helpful!
ladygolf: sorry one ? why does 10!c signal clubs and not spades
->ladygolf: using standard signals, a high card encourages
->ladygolf: SP is your 3rd priority
->ladygolf: after Attitude and Count
grizz: Thanks all for coming, i'll see you in a week
imelda68: THANKS
cdt: You too Rosemary !H
emmee: Thank you for your presentation
JohnnyHiLo: thanks
Campus61: thank you pete enjoyed nice presentation :)
PedroG: !h Rose
Miksa: Thanks!
camilleln: ty
stella56: ty 
grizz: Bye now