grizz: Hi everybody, thanks for attending another in a series of lessons on Defense.  
grizz: Chat logs and hand records are stored in your computer for later review.  For information on how to retrieve them, go the BIL homepage or email me at Grizz@GrizzBridge.com.
grizz: I teach private individual, pair, and small group lessons.  If you would like to know more please email me at Grizz@GrizzBridge.com.
grizz: Archives of previous sessions are available at GrizzBridge.com, on the Lessons and Archives page located at:  http://www.grizzbridge.com/Lessons_and_Archives.php
grizz: There are 40+ sessions logged there now, a lot of good information.
grizz: If I forget a question while answering another, please remind me.
grizz: I encourage participation by all kibitzers
grizz: So jump right in with a comment, question, or bid at any time, but please do so in open chat.
grizz: There are only 5 basic types of defensive strategy at the beginning of a hand.
grizz: These concepts are out of the book "How The Experts Win At Bridge" by Burt Hall and Lynn Rose-Hall, the Book of the Year in 1997.
grizz: sure
grizz: please do so in open chat
grizz: By way of review, and for those who are new here, the 5 lines of defense are:
grizz: 1.  Force declarer to ruff, and lose control of his own trump suit.
grizz: 2.  Active defense.
grizz: 3.  Passive defense.
grizz: 4.  Reduce ruffing power.
grizz: 5.  Create trump tricks.
grizz: We have looked at Forcing, Active and Passive defense, Reduce ruffing power and Create Trump Tricks for several weeks, and now it is time for us to put that knowledge to work by choosing opening leads.
grizz: Again, if you need review on the 5 Lines of Defense check out http://www.grizzbridge.com/Lessons_and_Archives.php and scroll down the page until you find those lessons under the listings.
grizz: Briefly, here are the guidelines for each of these different strategies.
grizz: 1.  Forcing defense - lead your side's strongest suit.
grizz: 2.  Active defense - also, lead your side's strongest suit.
grizz: 3.  Passive defense - top of a sequence, or a worthless suit
grizz: 4.  Reduce ruffs - start a trump
grizz: 5.  Creating trump tricks - lead from your own or toward partner's shortness
grizz: So choosing a lead depends on what your defensive game plan is, referring back to the 5 Lines of Defense.
grizz: When you know WHAT you intend to accomplish, it is easier to decide HOW to get it done.
grizz: So this week we are going to look at example hands and auctions, consider defensive plans and choose leads.  
grizz: Shall we start?
ODO716: y
pzee:  yes :)
kyno40: yes pl.
sascha3: :)
grizz: You are West, your RHO opened 1!h and the auction went 1!h-P-2!h-P-4!h-all pass
grizz: Your hand is !SJT-!HK753-!DKJ942-!C82, what is your lead and why?
marcbos: JS
mick357: js
jan_72: 8c
grizz: Clue #1:  you have 4 trumps
tmortada: 4!d 1 or 2
eamongall: diamonds I think for forcing defence 
pzee:  4!D - Forcing defence
grizz: bingo!
camilleln: trump - passive lead
PedroG: 4!d create trump trick
bosie2: small h
sascha3: trump
ODO716: lol which one
grizz: when you have 4+ trumps, or think pard might, that is time to force declarer
grizz: seems like most declarers would ruff this trick
grizz: and then get the bad news about trumps
grizz: does it help for declarer to duck the !d?    not much
grizz: or does it?
grizz: ducking cuts communication with E
grizz: so when E gets in he can't get to W in !ds
grizz: so if S ducks the second !d, it makes 4
grizz: but what happens if W starts a black suit?
grizz: let's try a !c lead first
grizz: the !d is too late now
camilleln: When there is an auction which could also look like a passive lead, i.e.opps have not bid a strong side suit & dummy is weak, however you have 4 trump or think partner does, is it always forcing defense? 
grizz: yes
grizz: whenever a forcing defense could work, it should be choice #1
grizz: forcing defense is the most powerful one available, and when conditions are favorable it should be your default game plan
grizz: in the worst-case scenario, the defense then devolves into Passive
grizz: OK, that was a !c lead - let's try a !s
grizz: first a side question - should E cover the J here?
analisals: no
abrown1: n
tmortada: no
pzee: no
grizz: nope
grizz: encouraging signal, but no cover
JohnnyHiLo: why doesn't he cover
grizz: this is a Dummy Finesse position
grizz: if E takes the A, then the !SK and Q are both good separately
grizz: it is possible of course that the J is stiff
grizz: and then !SA-small !s gives W a ruff
grizz: but does the ruff help the D?
JohnnyHiLo: or that it is j10xx
grizz: not if W is long in trumps and got defense of to a Forcing Defense - the ruff would be counterproductive
grizz: and E, looking at a stiff trump, suspects that Forcing Defense is in the works
alexiss: then S has 5 spades and had to open 1!s...E has 4..dummy 3...p had 1
grizz: also true
grizz: unless S is 5-6-?-?
alexiss: also true
grizz: !s lead works here, by accident
ODO716: lol
bosie2: :)
grizz: only because N has such terrible spot cards
grizz: and if S were sharp, would not have started that way -
grizz: now W can force N to overruff with the J, but the hand is over
ODO716->Club: too clever
grizz: and if 
grizz: W were able to overruff dummy, it's still to late to start the !ds
grizz: S still has the A
grizz: so we see that the only lead that gives D the chance to beat this one is Active Defense
alexiss: what if E leads a club instead of another spade...seeing p discarding a club?
grizz: one thing we have not tried yet is a trump lead, should we do that?
camilleln: y
grizz: no matter, W wins but is endplayed and it does no good to start !ds
grizz: S wins any return, draws trump and claims
grizz: E must win this one
grizz: and again the !d is late
grizz: so you see here the value of tempo
grizz: in Active Defense, the D uses tempo as an asset
grizz: getting off to the attacking lead
grizz: any questions on this one?
camilleln: nty
grizz: If you go looking for a ruff, the hand will make.  
grizz: But if you force declarer to ruff instead, you have chances to set it.
grizz: Sitting West again, your RHO opened 1!c and the auction went:
grizz: 1!c-P-1!h-P-
grizz: 1NT-P-2NT-P-
grizz: 3NT-P-P-X-
grizz: all pass
grizz: I can't show you the hand yet.
analisals: misfit/
grizz: It doesn't matter what your hand is, what is your lead and why?
Dianne0516: hearts--behind the heart bid
grizz: perfect
trudean 24: is it dummy second bid suit?  
grizz: !h is dummy's first and only bid suit
trudean 24: speaking of "dummy"
grizz: now let's back up and look at a bidding point
grizz: E passed here - was that correct?
analisals: YES
grizz: :)
grizz: bravo!
grizz: E hopes that NS get to some number of NT
grizz: X here would show the other 2 suits and ask for takeout
grizz: is everybody OK with the 2NT invitational bid here?
grizz: depends on partnership style
ODO716: no
Dianne0516: y
grizz: if S opens solid hands only, then 3NT is good
grizz: if S sometimes opens light, 2NT is better
grizz: in any case, S has a good 13 count
grizz: and the X here demands a lead of dummy's first bid suit
grizz: notice one very important feature of the E hand -
sascha3: i would have passed 2Nt thinking it was only 10 -11 pts or bad 12
ODO716: me too
grizz: it has not only a !h stack, but an outside entry
analisals: whyi wuldn't south bid 1 spade?
grizz: if N is broke, then 1NT is probably the best spot
grizz: if N is invitational with !s, he will bid them
grizz: likewise if N is GF with !s
analisals: sorry I meant south bid 1 spade not north
grizz: in either case, they find the !s fit
grizz: back to the example
grizz: E has a !h stack behind the bidder, and this is how we exploit it
grizz: and E has that handy outside entry in !c too
grizz: a critical issue!
grizz: the !h stack by itself may be useless if E can't cash the tricks later
grizz: so the X there shows BOTH the !h stack AND the outside entry
grizz: and now E can show where his entry is by the size of the card he leads here
grizz: with a !s card he would lead the T
grizz: he can't lead the 2 without giving away a trick, so the 9 shows an entry in one of the minors
grizz: and later E gets the !CA and 2!hs
grizz: what happens without the Lead Directing X?
pzee: W likely leads !s4
grizz: without the lead director, W has a natural !c lead
grizz: small from HHxx almost always surrenders a trick
grizz: now E is stuck - almost has to win it
grizz: in case W started with the big cards
grizz: but now E has no entry to cash the !hs after they are established
grizz: so Lead Directing Doubles can be deadly
grizz: !s lead works even worse here for the defense
grizz: any questions on  this hand?
grizz: or did i miss any questions?
ydannac: Great lesson!H!H
emmee: for late arrivers - how should bidding go?
grizz: auction is fine
grizz: if N has 10+ and !s, the fit is found on the next round of bidding after the 1NT
grizz: 3 important points on this hand -
grizz: 1.  E passes when N bids 1!h
sabrina 2: why did W lead !hs when he didnt know that E had a stack
grizz: W only leads 
grizz: !hs if E makes the Lead Directing Double
grizz: on the first example of this hand, E made the lead directing double after NS got to 3NT
grizz: this version shows what happens if E does not do that
sabrina 2: right
grizz: W leads a black card, and the contract makes
grizz: one more time then, on the first example
grizz: and here is the Lead Director
grizz: which commands W to lead a !h
sabrina 2: ty
grizz: after that, NS are stuck
grizz: any other questions?
grizz: ok, another hand
Sekmeth: this called lightnerbl ?
JohnnyHiLo: just up and making a lead directing dbl without reasonable expectation of setting them can be inadvisable obviously
ODO716: could u go back to the 3 important points
grizz: Lightner, yes
grizz: yes
grizz: there must be a GOOD stack, a source of tricks
grizz: AND
grizz: an outside entry
grizz: next hand
JohnnyHiLo: if the opponents bid 2 suits and you lead-direct dlb which suit are you directing?
grizz: first suit bid by dummuy
grizz: important here, it is dummy's first-bid suit
grizz: regardless of what declarer bids
emmee: is this only when contract ends in NT?
grizz: this kind of double is also made vs. slams, sometimes in suit contracts
grizz: the principle is that the Lightner Double asks for an unusual lead
grizz: which is almost always dummy's first-bid suit
grizz: vs. part scores and suit game contracts, X is usually for penalty
grizz: or for takeout
grizz: but in this auction X must be for lead direction
carol41: how does pt know it is a suggestion for lead
grizz: and notice also the flip side of that coin -
grizz: pard needs to figure it out
grizz: if pard doesn't know before this hand, he will know afterwards!!!
grizz: notice also the flip side of this coin
grizz: if pard has the opportunity to make a lead directing double but does not, that suggests some other lead
grizz: i call that "the dog that didn't bark", and happens all the time
grizz: pard's failure to make a bid can be just as enlightening as a bid
grizz: any other questions?
leonora3: delightnering?
grizz: lol
grizz: Sitting West again, your LHO opened 1!c this time and the auction went:
grizz: 1!c-P-1!H-P-
grizz: 2!D-P-2!S-P-
grizz: 3!D-P-3!H-P-
grizz: 4!H-P-4NT-P-
grizz: 5!D(1430)-P-7!H-all pass
grizz: What lead do you make here without even looking at your cards?
alexiss: trump
tmortada: passive
pzee: trump
grizz: correct, and correct
analisals: spade
analisals: duh!
analisals: heart
camilleln: or if have an A
analisals: not a LIghtner double?
grizz: when ops voluntarily bid to a grand, the only way a defensive trick can go away is if it gets ruffed
grizz: and a trump lead will almost never give declarer a trick he wasn't entitled to anyway
grizz: so the most important thing is NOT to give anything away
grizz: without the trump lead, S can ruff one !s in dummy
grizz: A covers a second, so he only loses the third one
grizz: so vs. any 6NT or grand slam, go passive
grizz: and in a suit grand slam, a trump lead is almost mandatory
grizz: any questions on this one?
pzee: educe Ruffing Power :)
grizz: y, exactly - merged with Passive
grizz: Sitting West again, your RHO opened 1!c and the auction went:
grizz: 1!c-P-1!h-1!s-
grizz: 1NT-P-2NT-P-
grizz: 3NT-P-P-X-
grizz: all pass
grizz: It doesn't matter what your hand is, what is your lead and why?
tmortada: !H
tmortada: because !S is default
guyb2: s
grizz: Partner here announced that he has a GOOD !s suit and an outside entry, and needs a !s lead despite the NT bid behind him.  
AofHearts: your pard asks for a !h
grizz: there is a critical distinction between this one and two hands ago
grizz: on that other hand, pard never bid a suit
grizz: on this one, he did
grizz: when pard bids a suit and later doubles, it commands the lead of that suit
carol41: do you lead your highest in partners bid suit?
grizz: no, it just means that your pard doesn't think it will be a killing lead
grizz: likewise, if W had bid a suit and E was silent, an X later would say it's ok to lead that suit
grizz: even though W had not supported it
grizz: standard lead rules apply - top from doubleton, etc
grizz: lead an honor to unblock the suit
grizz: vs NT
tmortada: does this mean u can't lead ur p suit if he didn't dbl?
carol41: no
grizz: the basic rule for leads vs. NT when pard bids a suit is:
grizz: always lead pard's suit, UNLESS you have a good suit of your own AND an outside entry
grizz: which is almost never   :)
grizz: Do we have any questions?
anco: no
ydannac: Excellent lesson, thanks
pzee: thanks pete!
grizz: That concludes today's lesson, and next week we will have more quiz hands on opening leads.
sabrina 2: ty
analisals: DittoPete
grizz: BTW, your satisfaction is guaranteed, or the next lesson is free!    :)
Dianne0516: Thanks Grizz
carol41: tu
leonora3: thank you!
ladygolf: ty Pete
emmee: Thank you for your sharing with us
bilona: great lesson, ty
grizz:  If anybody needs help retrieving the hand records or chat log, please email me at Grizz@GrizzBridge.com.   
ydannac: THanks Pete
JohnnyHiLo: thanks. this is a great class
grizz: I teach private individual, pair, and small group lessons.  If you would like to know more please email me at Grizz@GrizzBridge.com.
AofHearts: tx Pete :)
tmortada: thx Pete
alexiss: thank you Pete
minette309: tks -didn't get to catch it all- but did learn lots  --
grizz: I am planning three different one-day courses on Defense, Declarer Play and Balancing, so it you are interested in any or all of these topics please drop me a line at ...
grizz: Grizz@GrizzBridge.com
grizz: Thanks for your interest and participation, and I hope to see you next week.
cdt: Thanks :)
grizz: Thanks also to Maureen, Rosemary, Fred and the wonderful people at BBO who make this all possible.
grizz: Thanks all for coming, i'll see you in a week
catboo123: great lesson, ty vm
grizz: Bye now